| Product Use |
Monoclonal Somatostatin antibody specific for Human Somatostatin for use in Immunohistochemistry. |
| Biological Significance |
Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF) is an endogenous cyclic polypeptide with two biologically active forms. It is an abundant neuropeptide and has a wide range of physiological effects on neurotransmission, secretion and proliferation. The somatostatin receptor family consists of five subtypes, sst1-5, each differentially distributed throughout the central nervous system and periphery. Endogenous somatostatin receptor ligands include somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28. Somatostatin receptors have diverse biological functions due to their varied distribution and the fact that they couple to different second messengers. They couple to adenylyl cyclase, PLC, K+ channels, Ca2+ channels and others. Somatostatin receptors in the hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of growth hormone secretion. Somatostatin regulates neuronal activity by regulating AMPA/kainate-mediated responses to glutamate. Different sst subtypes have opposing effects in this system. Somatostatin receptors also play a role in blood glucose homeostasis; sst5 receptors in the pancreatic beta-cells stimulate insulin secretion, whilst sst2 receptors are involved in glucagon secretion from alpha-cells. In addition, sst2 receptors inhibit gastric acid secretion and peristalsis in the jejunum. |
| Expression |
Somatostatin receptors are expressed at many different sites in the brain. In particular, there are populations of somatostatin neurons in the arcuate nucleus, the hippocampus, and the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract. Somatostatin is a secreted peptide hormone found in most mammalian cells and secreted heavily by the pancreas. |
| Implications in Disease |
Diseases associated with SST include carcinoid syndrome, referring to the array of symptoms that occur secondary to carcinoid tumors. The syndrome includes flushing and diarrhea, and, less frequently, heart failure and bronchoconstriction. It is caused by endogenous secretion of mainly serotonin and kallikrein, and somatostatinoma, a malignant tumor of the delta cells of the endocrine pancreas that produces somatostatin. |
| Sequence Information |
SST belongs to the peptide hormone family and is composed of 116 amino acids with a molecular weight of 12736 Da. There is a signal peptide at positions 1-24. |
| Post-Translational Modifications |
Glycosylation occurs at Asn61. |
| Database Links |
Entrez Gene: 6750, Ensembl: ENSG00000157005, euGenes: HUgn6750 |